Photo description:

A smudging ceremony (purification ceremony) takes place prior to the Pipe Ceremony on the lawn of the Big House in Lower Fort Garry where in 1871 representatives of the British Crown, Anishinaabe, and Muskegon Cree peoples made a commitment to each other with the first of the numbered treaties in western Canada. 150803 August 03, 2015 MIKE DEAL / WINNIPEG FREE PRESS